Book 24
Lesson 1
Gerund
���ٻ����͹�Ѻ Present Participle �����繤ӷ�����ٻ�Ҩҡ
Verb ���ŧ���´��� ing ���ҧ�ѹ������� ���� Gerund ��˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
������ҧ
|
Type of sentence |
Subject |
Verb |
Direct object (Gerund) |
|
Affirmative |
I We He |
hate would appreciate considered |
asking too many questions. hearing from you. buying a car. |
|
Negative |
She |
doesn�t like |
getting up late. |
|
Interrogative |
Do you Would you |
start mind |
planning your
summer vacation? waiting for me? |
Gerund ������繡����ç�ͧ�����
�е����ѧ verb ���仹��
|
allow |
enjoy |
postpone |
resist |
|
anticipate |
escape |
practice |
start |
|
appreciate |
finish |
put off |
stop |
|
begin |
imagine |
quit |
suggest |
|
can�t help |
keep |
recall |
tolerate |
|
consider |
like |
recommend |
understand |
|
continue |
mind |
regret |
|
|
deny |
miss |
remember |
|
|
discuss |
permit |
report |
|
Suffix � fy / -ify
����֡������ͧ
suffix ��� prefix �ջ���ª��㹡�����¹�����ҡ ���������ѧ������Ը����ҧ������ҡ�ӷ�����������
�¡�������ǹ��Сͺ��Ң�ҧ˹�Ҥ� ��ػ��ä�
(prefix) ���͢�ҧ��ѧ�� ��Ѩ���� (suffix) ����繤�������Ͱҹ (base) �¶�ҷ�Һ�������¢ͧ�ҹ����
���Ҩ��Һ�������¤���蹷�����ҧ�ҡ�ҹ������ա���¤� ������ѡࡳ�����
Prefix ������˹�Ҥ� ��������¹ �������� �ͧ��
Suffix ��������¤� ��������¹ ��Դ
�ͧ��
������ҧ��
Suffix
�fy / -ify �������ҧ��ѧ�ӹ��
(noun) ��� �Ӥس�Ѿ�� (adjective)
���ͷ�������ӡ���� (verb) �դ����������
���������蹹��� ����
*beauty / beautify *glory
/ glorify *pure
/ purify
class / classify
just
/ justify *simple
/ simplify
*clear / clarify *liquid
/ liquefy
solid
/ solidify
*electric / electrify
person / personify *terror
/ terrify
*false / falsify
�����˵� �ѧࡵ����С��ӡ���ҷ��������ͧ���� *
������ҧ
1. We classify the class
of vehicles by the size and the number of tires.
2. Cement solidifies
when it dries.
3. I don�t think she�ll falsify
many statements on the report.
4. The professor�s speech was
too complicated to understand. He should have
simplified it for the students.
5. Captain Jane personifies
everything an officer should be.
Reducing an adverb clause
of time to a modifying phrase
Adverb
Clause of Time �������¤����˹�ҷ����¡�������ͺ͡��ҡ�á�зӹ�����з��������
�������������ѡ������ӵ��仹�� after, before, since, until,
when, whenever and while �¶�һ�иҹ�ͧ����¤��ѡ (main clause) ��л���¤����
(adverb clause of time) �繤����ǡѹ 㹻���¤��������ö�Ѵ��иҹ�ͧ����¤�͡��������¹��������������ٻ
�ing ���ҡ���ҵ�ǹ���繡����
�Verb to be� ���Ѵ����
������ҧ
1. After they finished dinner, they cleaned up the
kitchen.
After finishing dinner, they cleaned up the kitchen.
2. When she was in the Navy, Mary traveled to many
countries.
While in the Navy, Mary traveled to many countries.
3. Before he answered the phone, he grabbed a pencil and
notepad.
Before
answering the phone, he grabbed a
pencil and notepad.
4. We worked on the project until we finished it.
We
worked on the project until finishing it.
5. I feel sleepy whenever I study after lunch.
I
feel sleepy whenever studying after lunch.
Grammar exercise lesson 1
Complete these sentences with
the gerund form of one of the verbs in the box.
go be close run work
1. When Jack got tired, he stopped ______________.
2. A: Would you mind __________ the window?
B:
Not at all.
3. I wanted to go to Phuket. My sister suggested __________
to Pattaya.
4. I appreciate __________ able to work in peace and
quiet.
5. The police told him to stop, but the thief kept _________.
Write the correct forms on
the line.
1. When a liquid _________ (solid/solidify), it changes
into a ________ (solid/solidify).
2. The government was unable to _________ (clear/clarify)
the situation.
3. I�m _____________ (terror/terrify) to think about the
fact that I will die soon.
4. Claire could plant some trees to __________
(beauty/beautify) the garden.
5. The gas in this container is ___________.
(liquid/liquefy)
Change the adverb clauses
of time to modifying phrase.
1. Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
____________________________________________________
2. While he was walking to class, Tom ran into his old
friend.
____________________________________________________
3. Since I came here, I have learned a lot of English.
______________________________________________________
4. You should always read a contract before you sign your
name.
______________________________________________________
5. After I finished breakfast, I left the house and went
to my office.
______________________________________________________
Vocabulary exercise Lesson
1
Fill in the blank with the
given words
access (n) �Ը���� ore
(n) �Թ���
alloy (n) ���� refine
(v) ��������ط��� ����
concrete (n) �͹��յ comparatively
(adv) ����º��§�ѹ
construct (v) ���ҧ solidify
(v) �����繢ͧ��
erect (v) ��駢�� utilize
(v) ������繻���ª��
liquefy (v) �����繢ͧ����
various
(adj) ��ҡ����
mine (n) ����ͧ (v) �ش���
vary
(v) ᵡ��ҧ
1.
When a metal ___________,
it changes its form and becomes liquid.
2.
When a liquid ___________,
it changes into a solid.
3.
Bronze is an __________ of copper and tin.
4.
He will _______________ a new house near the mall.
5.
There were
soldiers lying on the _____________ floor.
6.
Towns and cities
were ______________ after people settled down.
7.
Water, cement,
and rocks are the materials which are _____________ to build houses.
8.
A ___________ is
a deep under the ground that is ___________ to get at minerals.
9.
Among my brothers
and sisters, I am ________________ tall.
10.
The houses in
this village ___________ in size and colors.
11.
The flood cut off
the ___________ to the mountain village.
12.
The company _____________
copper __________to get copper.
13.
Crude oil is
refined into ______________ grades and types of oil and petrol.
Grammar exercise lesson 1
Complete these sentences with
the gerund form of one of the verbs in the box.
go be close run work
1.
When Jack got
tired, he stopped working.
2.
A: Would you mind
closing the window?
B:
Not at all.
3.
I wanted to go to
Phuket. My sister suggested going to Pattaya.
4.
I appreciate being
able to work in peace and quiet.
5.
The police told
him to stop, but the thief kept running.
Write the correct answer on
the line.
1.
When a liquid solidifies
(solid/solidify), it changes into a solid (solid/solidify).
2.
The government
was unable to clarify (clear/clarify) the situation.
3.
I�m terrified
(terror/terrify) to think about the fact that I will die soon.
4.
Claire could
plant some trees to beautify (beauty/beautify) the garden.
5.
The gas in this
container is liquid. (liquid/liquefy)
Change the adverb clauses of
time to modifying phrase.
1.
Before I left for
work, I ate breakfast.
Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
2.
While he was
walking to class, Tom ran into his old friend.
While walking to class, Tom ran into his old friend.
3.
Since I came
here, I have learned a lot of English.
Since coming here, I have learned a lot of English.
4.
You should always
read a contract before you sign your name.
You should always read a contract before signing your name.
5.
After I finished
breakfast, I left the house and went to my office.
After finishing breakfast, I left the house and went to my office.
Vocabulary exercise Lesson
1
Fill in the blank with the
given words
access (n) �Ը����
alloy (n) ����
concrete (n) �͹��յ
construct (v) ���ҧ
erect (v) ��駢��
liquefy (v) �����繢ͧ����
mine (n) ����ͧ (v) �ش���
ore (n) �Թ���
refine (v) ��������ط��� ����
comparatively (adv) ����º��§�ѹ
solidify (v) �����繢ͧ��
utilize (v) ������繻���ª��
various (adj) ��ҡ����
vary (v) ᵡ��ҧ
1.
When a metal liquefies,
it changes its form and becomes liquid.
2.
When a liquid solidifies,
it changes into a solid.
3.
Bronze is an alloy
of copper and tin.
4.
He will erect/
construct a new house near the mall.
5.
There were
soldiers lying on the concrete floor.
6.
Towns and cities
were constructed/ erected after people settled down.
7.
Water, cement,
and rocks are the materials which are utilized to build houses.
8.
A mine
is a deep under the ground that is mined to get at minerals.
9.
Among my brothers
and sisters, I am comparatively tall.
10.
The houses in
this village vary in size and colors.
11.
The flood cut off
the access to the mountain village.
12.
The company refines
copper ore to get copper.
13.
Crude oil is
refined into various grades and types of oil and petrol.